






| Ingredient category | General characteristics | Evaluation focus |
|---|---|---|
| Selected amino acids | Defined nutritional compounds | Identity and production origin |
| Selected vitamins and related nutrients | Specific chemical forms | Assay basis and stability |
| Organic acids and other metabolites | Recovered microbial products | Composition and related impurities |
| Enzymes | Activity-defined preparations | Activity units and assay conditions |
| Microbial biomass and derivatives | Cells or recovered cellular components | Composition, processing, and viability |




| Specification area | Information to confirm |
|---|---|
| Identity and strength | Chemical form or biological identity, assay basis, analytical method |
| Physical behavior | Available form, particle characteristics, solubility or dispersibility |
| Purity and residues | Moisture, relevant impurities, residual processing materials |
| Microbiological quality | Appropriate limits and tests; viability where relevant |
| Storage and handling | Shelf life, storage conditions, protective packaging |


| Production approach | Distinguishing consideration | Evidence to review |
|---|---|---|
| Microbial production | Organism, substrate, and recovery pathway | Source declaration and process-related impurity controls |
| Botanical extraction | Species, plant part, and extraction conditions | Botanical identity and constituent profile |
| Chemical synthesis | Reaction pathway and final chemical form | Identity, related substances, and residuals |


The terms overlap. “Fermented” can describe a material transformed by microbial activity, while “fermentation-derived” also covers compounds subsequently isolated from production cultures. Ask whether the supplied ingredient is the transformed starting material, microbial biomass, or a purified constituent.
No. Probiotic ingredients require live microorganisms with demonstrated benefit at an appropriate amount. Purified compounds do not qualify simply because microbes produced them. Even a live culture needs suitable identification and supporting evidence before it can be described as probiotic.
Yes, when the specific ingredient and grade are suitable for the intended use and destination market. Confirm the material’s identity, proposed intake, applicable requirements, and finished-product stability. Production origin alone does not establish eligibility for supplement use.
No. Neither status follows automatically from the production route. Request declarations covering the production organism, growth media, processing aids, and final composition as relevant to the claim. Evaluate the exact commercial grade rather than relying on a category description.
Not necessarily. A Certificate of Analysis records specified batch test results, but may omit how the ingredient was produced. Request a separate origin or process declaration when microbial production is a purchasing requirement, and confirm that it covers the quoted grade.
Assess the ingredient in a representative formulation under the intended processing and storage conditions. Compare content or activity retention, appearance, and physical behavior. Where live cells are required, assess viability. A raw-material specification cannot replace finished-formulation evaluation.